The scientific payload

The SVOM mission will operate a set of four instruments in space that constitute the scientific payload of the satellite.
       
                                 

ECLAIRs is a 2D-coded mask imager sensitive from 4 to 250 keV, with a field of view of 80°x 80° and a localization accuracy better than 10', at 7 s. It will deliver triggers by seeking continuously for the appearance of new transient sources in the hard X-ray energy domain, and by determining their localization on the sky. When a new source candidate is detected, an alert will be automatically transmitted to the satellite and to the ground within 1 minute via a VHF network.

                                      

Gamma-Ray Monitor is a set of two gamma-ray spectro-photometers sensitive in the range 50 keV to 5 MeV. It will cover the same FoV than ECLAIRs and provide a measurement of the peak energy, E-peak.

X-ray Imager for Afterglow Observations is a micro-channel X-ray telescope operating from 0.3 to 7 keV, with a FOV of 1.1° and a localization accuracy better than 20'', at 5 s. It will reach a sensitivity of about 5-10 mCrab in 10 ks, at 5 s. It will provide an intermediate step between the first localizations at several arcminutes given by Eclairs and the precise localizations that can be achieved with an optical telescope. The refined position will be also transmitted via the alert network.

Visible Telescope is a 45 cm visible telescope operating from 400 to 950 nm, with a FOV of 21'x21'. It will reach a sensitivity of about 23 magnitudes, in the R band, in a 300 s exposure time, at 5 s.

Scientific performances

The SVOM mission offers a very attractive combination of instruments. The burst observation rate for the Eclairs instrument is estimated to about 80 per year for a 7 s level detection, with about 20 % of the events at a redshift larger than 6. Despite its smaller effective surface than the Burst Alert Telescope of Swift, ECLAIRs holds greater potential for the discovery of highly redshifted and faint gamma-ray bursts thanks to a low-energy threshold of 4 keV. Simultaneously, the GRM will be able to provide systematically a precise estimation of the peak energy parameter and the GWACs an observation of the prompt emission in the visible domain.

After an automatic satellite slew maneuver lasting less than 5 minutes, MXT, with a sensitivity close to the Swift X-Ray Telescope, and the VT, with a sensitivity significantly improved over the Swift UVOT, completed by the two GFTs on ground, will insure a systematic multi-wavelength follow-up for several hours. In particular the VT will allow the detection of nearly 75 % of GRBs in the visible domain, during the first orbit and, for the first time, to explore the realm of ``dark GRBs''. All these instruments are included in a chain allowing a refinement of the localization, from few arcminutes to sub-arcsecondes. All these alerts will be distributed to the scientific community in real time through the GCN alert network.

A significant fraction of the time will be also available for non-GRB science like the discovery or the follow-up of cataclysmic variables, active stars, active galactic nuclei, supernovae, ... It will be possible to propose a program consisting in an observation of a given target for typically few consecutive orbits (programs maximizing the simultaneous use of several instruments will be always favored). Such a program will have always a lower priority than the GRB core program: the capabilities to detect a GRB must not be affected and the observation is stopped whenever a GRB is detected and will only resume after completion of the follow-up campaign. Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations will be also accepted for unpredictable events discovered in the routine scrutiny of the SVOM data or proposed by external partners.

Observing strategy

The selected SVOM orbit is circular with an altitude of about 600 km and an inclination angle of about 30° with a precession period of 60 days. To allow fast and systematic follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes, the satellite orientation is quasi anti-solar, granting that the bursts are discovered in the night part of the sky. Strong Galactic sources and the Galactic plane where heavy extinction prevents the detection of afterglows are avoided. Thanks to this strategy, about 75 % of the GRBs will be visible at the time of their detection from at least one of the three major ground-based observatories (Cerro Paranal, Mauna Kea and Roques de los Muchachos).

A majority of bursts will be immediately observable at the end of the satellite automatic slew maneuver: about 60 % are observable "immediately" (starting observation 5 minutes after the detection, for at least 5 minutes), the rest being observable between 40 and 60 minutes later due to Earth obstruction, which may occur just few minutes after the trigger.

   



 
 
     
Mentions légales

Textes : Stéphane Basa
Mise en page: Bruno Thooris