A general formalism for the calculation of the differential cross
section and polarization observables, for the process of deuteron
electrodisintegration, is developed in the framework of relativistic impulse approximation.
A detailed analysis of the general structure of the differential cross section
and polarization observables for the $e^-+d\\rightarrow e^-+n+p$ reaction
is derived, using the formalism of the structure functions. The obtained expressions
have a general nature and they hold in the one--photon--exchange
mechanism, assuming P--invariance of the hadron electromagnetic interaction.
The model of relativistic impulse approximation is introduced and
the final state interaction is taken into account by means of the unitarization
of the helicity amplitudes. A detailed description of the unitarization
procedure is also presented.
Using different parametrizations of the deuteron wave functions, the following polarization observables are calculated in the kinematical region of quasi--elastic deuteron electrodisintegration: the asymmetry for the
scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons on a polarized deuteron target, the proton and neutron
polarizations (for longitudinally polarized electron beam or vector--polarized
deuteron target). The sensitivity to the neutron electric form factor
is also thorougly investigated.
The predictions of the model are compared with the results of recent
polarization measurements and a good agreement with the existing experimental
data has been obtained.
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